Dyeing process are value-added treatments for most textile materials. A dyeing process is the interaction between a dye and a fibre, which involves adsorption (transfer of dyes from the aqueous solution onto the fibre surface) and diffusion (dyes diffused into the fibre).In the dyeing process, various dyeing auxiliary agents such as levelling agents for level dyeing, soaping agents for washing off unfixed dyes for improving dye fastness, fixing agents for fixing dyes to fibers or fabric are used.

Finishing: The role of the textile finisher has become increasingly demanding, and now requires a careful balance between the compatibility of different finishing products and the application processes used to provide textiles with desirable properties.

Polyester is one of the most used and most preferred fibre in the textiles industry due to its better physical properties, lower price, versatility, and recyclability, which offer a completely unique set of benefits unmatched by any other natural or synthetic fibres. As far as the end use of polyester fibre is concerned, it has been segmented into apparel, home furnishing, automotive, construction, filtration, and personal care and hygiene applications.

Pretreatment: It is necessary to carry out some preparatory treatments before the application of other finishing processes to the newly constructed fabric. Any remaining impurities and additives used to facilitate the manufacturing process must also be removed.

Dyeing: Disperse dyes are water insoluble non-ionic dyes used to dye man-made fibres from acidic bath, specially designed for dyeing of polyester and are applied along with dispersing agent to retain dyes in fine dispersion. In the polyester dyeing process, various auxiliaries such as dispersants and levelling agents for level dyeing, reduction clearing agents for washing off unfixed dyes and for improving dye fastness, and buffers are used.

Finishing: The role of the textile finisher has become increasingly demanding, and now requires a careful balance between the compatibility of different finishing products and the application processes used to provide textiles with desirable properties.

Acrylic fiber acquires an eminent position in the family of synthetic fibres. It replaces wool in the major applications, particularly in hand knitting and hosiery garments. The majority of knitting yarns which goes into the manufacture of pullovers, sweaters, socks, etc. Blankets and carpets are the other application where acrylic fibre competes with wool because of its high elasticity, colour brilliance, ease of washing, resistance to pilling and good light and colour fastness. Because of these properties and also due to the ease with which modification can be made during synthesis, spinning and finishing, acrylic fibres have experienced tremendous growth.

Pretreatment: Poor preparation of the goods is usually the major cause of poor quality dyeing and preparation should be of the highest quality consistent with the final price of the material. The preparation of acrylic fiber materials involves scouring and bleaching.

Dyeing: Today acrylic textiles can be dyed in any fashion shades with good fastness properties commensurate with their excellent end use properties. The development of special cationic dyes solved the initial difficulty of the dyeability of these fibres. Auxiliaries such as levelling agents and special washing off agents play an important role in colouration.

Finishing: Cationic softener is the most commonly used softener, which is also a common auxiliaries for acrylic. Cationic softener can easily adsorb on the surface of the fiber with strong combining capacity and strong high temperature, washing resistance. Scroopy finish provides a unique finish giving acrylic material a crispy feel.

Wool is a natural fiber produced by sheep (and a few other animals) that is harvested as a crop by humans. The primary characteristic of wool is that it is an excellent insulator. A woolen sweater will keep you cozy and warm by trapping air between its fibers and helps to maintain steady body temperature.

Pretreatment: The wool pretreatment process is the process of preparing and washing a batch of raw sheep’s wool to remove impurities such as grease, dirt and suint.

Dyeing: In dyeing of wool with acid and related dye class, various dyeing auxiliary agents such as levelling agents for level dyeing, soaping agents for washing off unfixed dyes.

Finishing: Cationic softener is the most commonly used softener for finishing wool fabrics. Cationic softener can easily adsorb on the surface of the fiber with strong combining capacity and strong high temperature, washing resistance.

Silk is a natural protein fiber composed mainly of fibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. Silk has a high emissivity for infrared light, making it feel cool to the touch. Even though silk has a small percentage of the global textile market, it is a multibillion-dollar trade. The unit price for raw silk is roughly twenty times that of raw cotton. View Details

Pretreatment: Pretreatment of silk primarily consists of degumming process which consists of removing the sericin, or silk gum, from silk. Removing the gum improves the sheen, color, hand, and texture of the silk. Because the gum can serve as a protective layer, it is typically left on the silk until it is ready to dye.

Dyeing: Silk is dyed using various dyes such as acid dyes, metal-complex, reactive dyes etc. Silk offers a wide colouration possibility covering almost the entire spectrum of colours and hues due to its ready acceptability for a large range of dyestuffs. The exceptional capacity to absorb moisture from the air, the comparatively simple and orderly arrangement of fibroin molecular structure, and the abundance of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic bonds render silk fibre an ideally suited substrate with a very good dye affinity.

Finishing: Silk being a noble fibre care must be taken during its finishing so as not to affect its classic feel, scroopy handle and shimmering appearance.

Nylon is a very useful synthetic material. It is a polymer with very long, heavy molecules made up of small endlessly repeating segments of atoms that can be moulded into any product or drawn into fibres for making fabrics. Nylon is a silky, smooth plastic that is strong and durable. It is waterproof and fast-drying as water molecules cannot easily penetrate the surface. Nylon is highly resistant to attack from natural harmful molds, insects and fungi. View Details.

Pretreatment: Nylon woven greige fabrics have acrylic and wax etc. added as a sizing agent to the warp. These are a secondary contaminant applied in the process before the weaving. In the pretreatment process, secondary contaminants are removed by continuous treatment.

Dyeing: Acid dyes and pre-metallized dyes are used in dyeing of nylon which are water-soluble and dyed by ionic bonding. In the dyeing process, various dyeing auxiliaries such as levelling agents for level dyeing, soaping agents for washing off unfixed dyes for improving dye fastness, fixing agents for fixing dyes to fibers or fabric are used.

Finishing: Cationic softener is the most commonly used softener for finishing nylon fabric. Cationic softener can easily adsorb on the surface of the fiber with strong combining capacity and strong high temperature, washing resistance.

Textiles with desired functional and aesthetic properties have an evergreen demand among the consumers globally. Processing with specialty finishes gives better characteristics and value addition to the textiles. It makes textile material attractive, comfortable with desirable properties. Common functional finishes are antimicrobial, durable press, antistatic, UV protection, flame retardant, water repellent, soil-resistant, and wrinkle recovery.

Without denim fashion is incomplete. No other fabric has received such wide acceptance as denim in the history of textiles and it is the fabric of generations, worn by people of all classes and ages. The denim segment has always reigned as one of the leading segments in the fashion industry. It has an undisputed position in the fashion industry and its ability to adapt creatively to the fashion trends through its unique washing effects is incredible.